Treaty Rights Advancing Progress

Self-Governance Restored

Exercising Maa‑nulth’s  inherent right to  self-determination

Through the Maa-nulth Treaty, the Maa-nulth Nations have stepped beyond the constraints of the federal Indian Act to exercise their inherent right to self-determination.

Each Nation now holds the authority to:

Create and implement their own laws
Govern according to their own Constitution
Define rights and responsibilities for their citizens
Build governance systems that reflect their values

Law-Making Authority

Respecting laws across governments

Maa-nulth First Nations hold legislative powers across more than 70 subject areas. Where conflicts arise between laws, the treaty clearly defines which law prevails—ensuring respect for Nation authority within Canada’s constitutional framework.

Shared strength, distinct paths

Advancing together while honouring Nation identity

The treaty recognizes each Nation as a separate government. This allows Nations to exercise rights individually while pursuing shared goals through collaboration, respect, and collective advocacy.

Land and Resources

Ownership, stewardship, and responsibility

Maa-nulth First Nations own and govern approximately 24,700 hectares of land. Each Nation manages land use, issues permits, and participates in environmental planning and resource management in surrounding areas.

Fishing Rights

Harvesting from the water

Maa-nulth Treaty affirms the right to harvest fish and aquatic plants for food, social, and ceremonial purposes. Each Nation engages actively in fisheries in Maa‑nulth Areas.

Wildlife and Migratory Birds

Rights grounded in tradition and ecology

Maa-nulth Nations retain rights to harvest wildlife and birds. Across its territories Maa‑nulth participates in planning processes and collaborates on conservation goals.

Forest Resources

Managing forest resources with care

The Treaty recognizes a right to harvest and manage timber and non-timber forest products. Each Nation establishes rules and permits for forest use on their lands.

Economic Development

Creating sustainable Nation-led economies

With recognized land ownership and law-making authority, Nations are building businesses, attracting investment, and creating opportunities reflecting local values and long-term vision.

Self-Government Powers

Authority beyond  the Indian Act

Each Nation defines citizenship, runs programs, and governs according to its own laws and priorities reflecting a restoration of self-determination and community-led leadership.

Financial Benefits

Revenue sharing and fiscal independence

The treaty provides for financial transfers, revenue sharing from resource development, and the ability to raise revenue. These tools support governance, services, and long-term planning.